Fe^0-厌氧微生物体系处理活性艳红X-3B的试验研究

采用间歇式摇床试验，研究了葡萄糖共基质条件下Fe^0-厌氧微生物体系中Fe^0投加量、pH值、染料初始浓度对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水脱色率的影响，比较了Fe^0-厌氧微生物、纯厌氧微生物及纯Fe^0 3种体系中废水的脱色效果。结果表明：Fe^0-厌氧微生物体系中初始浓度（50～500mg／L）对活性艳红X-3B的脱色率影响不大；而Fe^0投加量、pH值存在一个最佳范围；当Fe^0投加量为260mg／L，pH值为6．0，污泥浓度为0．35gVSS／L，停留时间约为30h时，体系中活性艳红X-3B的脱色率可达90％左右，比相同试验条件下纯Fe^0、纯厌氧微生物体系达到此脱色率所需时间分别缩短了约1／2、7／10。在Fe^0-厌氧微生物体系中，由紫外可见分光光度分析可推测活性艳红X-3B的脱色机理主要是其偶氮键发生断裂，生成苯胺和萘类物质，而且苯胺和萘类物质能得到进一步降解。     

固硫灰渣深度处理焦化废水的实验研究

选用同硫灰渣深度处理经生化处理后焦化废水,采用分光光度计法评价焦化废水的处理效果,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和IR等分析材料的成分、结构和微观形貌等.结果表明,固硫灰渣用量60 g/L、吸附时间15 min,焦化废水的脱色率可达94.22%,COD从原水的76.01 mg/L降低到处理后的5.76 mg/L,NH+4-...     

盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中含氯除草剂

采用盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中3种含氯除草剂，建立并优化了反相离子对液相色谱条件，考察了萃取剂种类、盐析剂的种类和加入量及试样pH对萃取效果的影响。对氯苯氧乙酸、2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸和2，4-滴丁酯的质量浓度在0.1~100.0mg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系，相关系数不低于0.9992。平均回收率分别为96.29%、79.16%和70.21%，相对标准偏差小于5.3%。该方法操作简便、绿色环保，适合于水中含氯除草剂的测定。     

Chlorinated solvents in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant: an assessment of their removal using self-organising maps

The self-organising map approach was used to assess the efficiency of chlorinated solvent removal from petrochemical wastewater in a refinery wastewater treatment plant. Chlorinated solvents and inorganic anions (11 variables) were determined in 72 wastewater samples, collected from three different purification streams. The classification of variables identified technical solvents, brine from oil desalting and runoff sulphates as pollution sources in the refinery, affecting the quality of wastewater treatment plant influent. The classification of samples revealed the formation of five clusters: the first three clusters contained samples collected from the drainage water, process water and oiled rainwater treatment streams. The fourth cluster consisted mainly of samples collected after biological treatment, and the fifth one of samples collected after an unusual event. SOM analysis showed that the biological treatment step significantly reduced concentrations of chlorinated solvents in wastewater.     

组合人工湿地处理工业园区污水厂尾水的中试研究

在巢湖流域水环境治理中,依托工业园区污水厂,进行了组合人工湿地处理工业园区污水厂尾水的中试研究。介绍了工艺流程和设计参数,运行结果表明,整个处理系统运行稳定,对COD、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别为65.5%、75.5%和49.2%,其中一级潜流湿地对各污染物的去除贡献率最高。系统出水COD、氨氮、总磷基本达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中的Ⅴ类水标准。此外还利用GC/MS初步对系统进出水进行了有机物组分分析,结果表明尾水中含有除草剂及农药中间体等难降解有机物,组合人工湿地对这些物质有一定去除效果。     

珠江三角洲蔬菜基地蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯的含量特征

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类重要的环境激素类污染物。本文以气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用检测技术,对珠江三角洲地区典型蔬菜生产基地蔬菜中6种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物进行测试分析。结果发现:(1)珠江三角洲地区典型蔬菜生产基地的蔬菜样品中,多数样品检测出6种邻苯二甲酸酯,总含量为0.46～12.02mg/kg。(2)基地蔬菜中单个邻苯二甲酸酯化合物的种类和含量因蔬菜种类、品种、部位和生长环境等因素而异。(3)同种类蔬菜在不同基地或同一基地不同种类蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯的含量分布不同。(4)大部分蔬菜中以邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)为主。     

Subcellular distribution and toxicity of cadmium in Potamogeton crispus L

The submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. was subjected to varying doses of cadmium (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μM) for 7 d, and the plants were analyzed for subcellular distribution of Cd, accumulation of mineral nutrients, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, protein content, and ultrastructural distribution of calcium (Ca). Leaf fractionation by differential centrifugation indicated that 48-69% of Cd was accumulated in the cell wall. At all doses of Cd, the levels of Ca and B rose and the level of Mn fell; the levels of Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo, and P rose initially only to decline later. Exposure to Cd caused oxidative stress as evident by increased content of malondialdehyde and decreased contents of chlorophyll and protein. Photosynthetic efficiency, as indicated by the quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Fo and Fm), decreased significantly, the extent of decrease being directly proportional to the concentration of Cd. Increased amounts of precipitates of calcium were noticed in the treated plants, located either outside the cell membrane or in chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm whereas control plants showed small deposits of the precipitates around surface of the vacuole membrane and in the intercellular space but rarely in the cytoplasm. Photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative stress could be used as indicators of physiological end-points in determining the extent of Cd phytotoxicity.     

离子色谱法测定大气中的甲磺酸

建立了以玻璃纤维膜-KB120气溶胶采样器采集大气中甲磺酸的采样方法;以0.1mmol·l-1H3BO3/0.1mmol·l-1 Na2B4O7为淋洗液的甲磺酸离子色谱分析方法.分析方法的精密度和准确度分别为5%和4%.并实测了青岛冬季大气气溶胶中MSA,SO2-4和NO-3的平均浓度分别为0.10μg·m-3,30.40μg·m -3和17.98μg·m-3.     

胭脂红酸分光光度法测定废水中硼

用胭脂红酸分光光度法测定废水中的硼，着重进行了方法的条件和干扰试验。方法检测限为0.063mg/L，线性范围为0.21mg/L-1.25mg/L。5个实验室对5.00mg/L硼标准样品测得重复性相对标准差为3．4％，再次性相对标准差为3．6％；相对误差为－0．8％－1．4％，回收率在95．2％－104．6％之间。     

On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment – A review

A number of studies on the oxidation of various organic/inorganic contaminants by ferrate(VI) were reported in the 1980s and 1990s. The exploration of the use of ferrate(VI) for water and wastewater treatment has been well addressed recently. However, challenges have existed for the implementation of ferrate(VI) technology in practice due to the instability of a ferrate solution or high production cost of solid ferrate products. The research has been carried out aiming at the generation and application of ferrate(VI) in situ. This paper thus reviews ferrate chemistry and its overall performance as a water treatment chemical, discusses the factors affecting the ferrate yield efficiency using the electrochemical method, and finally, summarises the work on the production and use of ferrate in situ which is currently under study.